Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Lennox JL[original query] |
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Distinct cellular immune properties in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with cognition in HIV-infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy.
Amundson B , Lai L , Mulligan MJ , Xu Y , Zheng Z , Kundu S , Lennox JL , Waldrop-Valverde D , Franklin D , Swaims-Kohlmeier A , Letendre SL , Anderson AM . J Neuroimmunol 2020 344 577246 We examined the relationship between CSF immune cells and neurocognition and neuronal damage in HIV+ individuals before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy. Multivariate analysis at baseline indicated that greater CD4+ T cell abundance was associated with better cognition (p = .017), while higher CSF HIV RNA was associated with increased neuronal damage (p = .014). Following 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy, CD8+ T cells, HLA-DR expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, NK cells, and non-classical monocyte percentage decreased in CSF. Female gender was negatively associated with cognitive performance over time, as was higher percentage of HLA-DR expressing CD8+ T cells at baseline. |
Oral sampling and human papillomavirus genotyping in HIV-infected patients.
Steinau M , Reddy D , Sumbry A , Reznik D , Gunthel CJ , Del Rio C , Lennox JL , Unger ER , Nguyen ML . J Oral Pathol Med 2011 41 (4) 288-91 BACKGROUND: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with several health complications especially in combination with HIV infections. Screening may be useful, but methodologies and results have varied widely in previous studies. We conducted a pilot study in an HIV-positive population to evaluate HPV detection in four different oral sample types. METHODS: Upon enrollment, an oral-rinse (OR) sample was collected in 10 ml saline. Additional samples of the buccal mucosa, tonsils, and oral lesion if present were collected with cytology brushes. DNA was extracted using LC-MagNAPure, and the Linear Array HPV genotyping Assay (Roche) was used for HPV genotyping. RESULTS: In samples from 100 HIV-positive participants, HPV was detected in 39 (%) of the oral rinses, 13 (%) mucosal and 11 (12.9%) tonsil brushings. Of seven lesion brushings collected, four were HPV positive. All participants with HPV detected in mucosal, tonsil, or lesion brushings were also positive in the OR sample. Among the rinse samples, 27 different genotypes were detected with HPV84 (n = 6), HPV55 (n = 5), and HPV83 (n = 5) being the most common. Multiple infections were detected in 17 samples (range 2-9, mean 1.9 types). As potential cofactors, only receptive oral sex was significantly associated with HPV (P = 0.018, odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-6.9). CONCLUSION: Sampling is a significant factor for oral prevalence studies. Oral rinse provides the best representation for HPV in the oral cavity. To evaluate associated cofactors other than receptive oral sex, larger studies with case-control design are necessary. J Oral Pathol Med (2011) |
Tuberculosis biomarker and surrogate endpoint research roadmap
Nahid P , Saukkonen J , Mac Kenzie WR , Johnson JL , Phillips PPJ , Andersen J , Bliven-Sizemore E , Belisle JT , Boom WH , Luetkemeyer A , Campbell TB , Eisenach KD , Hafner R , Lennox JL , Makhene M , Swindells S , Villarino ME , Weiner M , Benson C , Burman W . Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011 184 (8) 972-979 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health convened a multidisciplinary meeting to discuss surrogate markers of treatment response in tuberculosis. The goals were to assess recent surrogate marker research and to provide specific recommendations for (1) the qualification and validation of biomarkers of treatment outcome; (2) the standardization of specimen and data collection for future clinical trials, including a minimum set of samples and collection time points; and (3) the creation of a specimen repository to support biomarker testing. This article summarizes these recommendations and provides a roadmap for their implementation. |
HIV-1 RNA rectal shedding is reduced in men with low plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads and is not enhanced by sexually transmitted bacterial infections of the rectum
Kelley CF , Haaland RE , Patel P , Evans-Strickfaden T , Farshy C , Hanson D , Mayer K , Lennox JL , Brooks JT , Hart CE . J Infect Dis 2011 204 (5) 761-7 BACKGROUND: Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) taking combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the impact of rectal sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on rectal HIV-1 shedding is unknown. METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA was quantified from rectal swabs collected for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) screening of HIV-1-infected MSM. Correlations of STIs with rectal viral load were explored using multinomial regression modeling. HIV-1 coreceptor tropism was predicted from sequencing in a subset of men. RESULTS: Thirty-one (39%) of 80 men (59 prescribed combination antiretroviral therapy [cART]) had HIV detected in 38 (42%) of 91 rectal swabs. Rectal HIV detection was associated with plasma virus loads above 3.15 log(10) copies/mL (95% confidence limit [CL] 2.73, 3.55) and paired rectal viral loads and plasma viral loads were correlated (Kendall's tau [tau] 0.68, Spearman rho [P] = .77). Rectal STIs and abnormal anal cytology were not associated with rectal viral load. HIV coreceptor distribution was very similar between the plasma and rectum in 3 of 4 men. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma and rectal viral load were correlated, and rectal STIs did not increase the likelihood of detecting HIV in the rectal secretions in MSM, including those with low or undetectable plasma viral load. Suppressing plasma viral load is likely to reduce risk of HIV transmission to insertive partners. |
Lack of effect of compartmentalized drug resistance mutations on HIV-1 pol divergence in antiretroviral-experienced women
Kelley CF , Sullivan ST , Lennox JL , Evans-Strickfaden T , Hart CE . AIDS 2010 24 (9) 1361-6 OBJECTIVE: To examine the persistence of compartmentalized HIV drug resistance mutations (DRM) over time in the female genital tract and its effect on pol gene divergence compared to that in blood. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort of 22 antiretroviral-experienced women in the Emory Vaginal Ecology study. METHODS: Blood and vaginal secretions were collected at serial clinic visits. DRM in the HIV reverse transcriptase and protease regions of pol were determined using population based sequencing. Kimura-2 pairwise DNA distances were calculated to measure blood and vaginal secretions divergence in the intervals between clinic visits. RESULTS: Only eight (36%) women had compartmentalized DRM detected at 14 (31%) of their 45 clinic visits. This compartmentalized resistance was transient; 13 of 14 mutations in blood and all 12 mutations in vaginal secretions were compartmentalized for only one clinic visit. Over time, divergence of both reverse transcriptase and protease were greater in vaginal secretions than in blood. However, divergence in blood, but not in vaginal secretions, increased significantly in the presence of drug resistance or compartmentalized drug resistance. CONCLUSION: Compartmentalized DRM between the blood and vaginal secretions are transient in nature, and the presence of DRM does not affect pol gene divergence in the vaginal secretions. Our results provide new evidence that the genital mucosa does not support an independently evolving subpopulation of HIV-1 genomes. |
Pandemic influenza: implications for programs controlling for HIV infection, tuberculosis, and chronic viral hepatitis
Heffelfinger JD , Patel P , Brooks JT , Calvet H , Daley CL , Dean HD , Edlin BR , Gensheimer KF , Jereb J , Kent CK , Lennox JL , Louie JK , Lynfield R , Peters PJ , Pinckney L , Spradling P , Voetsch AC , Fiore A . Am J Public Health 2009 99 S333-9 Among vulnerable populations during an influenza pandemic are persons with or at risk for HIV infection, tuberculosis, or chronic viral hepatitis. HIV-infected persons have higher rates of hospitalization, prolonged illness, and increased mortality from influenza compared with the general population. Persons with tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis may also be at increased risk of morbidity and mortality from influenza because of altered immunity and chronic illness. These populations also face social and structural barriers that will be exacerbated by a pandemic. Existing infrastructure should be expanded and pandemic planning should include preparations to reduce the risks for these populations. |
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